1. Explain the main idea of UDP?
The basic idea is for a source
process to send a message to a port and for the destination process to receive
the message from a port.
2. What are the different fields in pseudo header?
·
Protocol number
·
Source IP address
·
Destination IP addresses.
3. Define TCP?
TCP guarantees the reliable, in
order delivery of a stream of bytes. It is a full-duplex protocol, meaning that
each TCP connection supports a pair of byte streams, one flowing in each
direction.
4. Define Congestion Control?
It involves preventing too much
data from being injected into the network, thereby causing switches or links to
become overloaded. Thus flow control is an end to an end issue, while
congestion control is concerned with how hosts and networks interact.
5. State the two kinds of events trigger a state transition?
·
A segment arrives from the peer.
·
The local application process invokes an
operation on TCP.
6. What is meant by segment?
At the sending and receiving end
of the transmission, TCP divides long transmissions into smaller data units and
packages each into a frame called a segment.
7.
What is meant by segmentation?
When the size of the data unit
received from the upper layer is too long for the network layer datagram or
data link layer frame to handle, the transport protocol divides it into smaller
usable blocks. The dividing process is called segmentation.
8. What is meant by Concatenation?
The size of the data unit
belonging to single sessions are so small that several can fit together into a
single datagram or frame, the transport protocol combines them into a single
data unit. The combining process is called concatenation.
9. What is rate based design?
Rate-
based design, in which the receiver tells the sender the rate-expressed in
either bytes or packets per second – at which it is willing to accept incoming
data.
10. Define Gateway.
A device used to connect two
separate networks that use different communication protocols.
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