UNIT – V SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1. What are the types of static testing tools?

There are three types of static testing tools.

Code based testing tools – These tools take source code as input and generate test cases.

Specialized testing tools – Using this language the detailed test specification can be written for each test case.

Requirement-based testing tools – These tools help in designing the test cases as per user requirements.

2. What is meant by Software project management?

                         Software project management is an activity of organizing, planning and scheduling software projects.

3. What is meant by software measurement?

                         Software measurement means deriving a numeric value for an attribute of a software product or process.

4. What is meant by software cost estimation?

                        The software cost estimation is the process of predicting the resources required for software development process. 

5. What is meant by CASE tools?

                        The computer aided software engineering tools automatic the project management activities, manage all the work products. The CASE tools assist to perform various activities such as analysis, design, coding and testing.

6. What is meant by Delphi method?

                        The Delphi technique is an estimation technique intended to active a common agreement for estimation efforts.

 

UNIT – V SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1. Define measure.

Measure is defined as a quantitative indication of the extent, amount, dimension, or size of some attribute of a product or process.

2. Define metrics.

Metrics is defined as the degree to which a system component, or process possesses a given attribute.

3. What are the types of metrics?

Direct metrics – It refers to immediately measurable attributes.

          Example – Lines of code, execution speed.

Indirect metrics – It refers to the aspects that are not immediately quantifiable or measurable.   Example – functionality of a program.

4. Write short note on the various estimation techniques.

Algorithmic cost modeling – the cost estimation is based on the size of the software.

Expert judgment – The experts from software development and the application domain.

Estimation by analogy – The cost of a project is computed by comparing the project to a similar project in the same application domain.

Parkinson’s Law – The cost is determined by available resources rather than by objective assessment.

Pricing to win – The project costs whatever the customer ready to spend it.

5. What is COCOMO model?

COnstructive COst MOdel is a cost model, which gives the estimate of number of man-months it will take to develop the software product.

6. Give the procedure of the Delphi method.

1. The co-coordinator presents a specification and estimation form to each expert.

2. Co-coordinator calls a group meeting in which the experts discuss estimation issues with the coordinator and each other.

3. Experts fill out forms anonymously.

4. Co-coordinator prepares and distributes a summary of the estimates.

5. The Co-coordinator then calls a group meeting.

7. What is the purpose of timeline chart?

The purpose of the timeline chart is to emphasize the scope of the individual task. Hence set of tasks are given as input to the timeline chart.

UNIT – IV TESTING

1. Write about drivers and stubs.

Drivers and stub software need to be developed to test incompatible software.The “driver” is a program that accepts the test data and prints the relevant results.The “stub” is a subprogram that uses the module interfaces and performs the minimal data manipulation if required.

2. What are the approaches of integration testing?

The integration testing can be carried out using two approaches.

1. The non-incremental testing.

2. Incremental testing.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of big-bang?

Advantage:

This approach is simple.

Disadvantages:

It is hard to debug.

It is not easy to isolate errors while testing.

In this approach it is not easy to validate test results.

                       

4. What are the benefits of smoke testing?

* Integration risk is minimized.

* The quality of the end-product is improved.

* Error diagnosis and correction are simplified.

* Assessment of program is easy.

5. What are the conditions exists after performing validation testing?

* The function or performance characteristics are according to the specifications and are accepted.

* The requirement specifications are derived and the deficiency list is created.

6. Distinguish between alpha and beta testing

Alpha and beta testing are the types of acceptance testing.

            Alpha test : The alpha testing is attesting in which the version of complete software is tested by the customer under the supervision of developer. This testing is performed at developer’s site.

            Beta test : The beta testing is a testing in which the version of the software is tested by the customer without the developer being present. This testing is performed at customer’s site.

UNIT – III ANALYSIS, DESIGN CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

1. List the guidelines for data design.

i. Apply systematic analysis on data.

ii. Identify data structures and related operations.

iii. Establish data dictionary.

iv. Use information hiding in the design of data structure.

v. Apply a library of useful data structures and operations.

2. Name the commonly used architectural styles.

i. Data centered architecture.

ii. Data flow architecture.

iii. Call and return architecture.

iv. Object-oriented architecture.

v. Layered architecture.

3. What is Transform mapping?

            The transform mapping is a set of design steps applied on the DFD in order to map the transformed flow characteristics into specific architectural style.

4. What is a Real time system?

Real time system is a software system in which the correct functionalities  of the system are dependent upon results produced by the system and the time at which these results are produced.

5. What are the objectives of Analysis modeling?

i. To describe what the customer requires.                                                     

ii. To establish a basis for the creation of software design.  

iii. To devise a set of valid requirements after which the software can be built.

6. What is an Architectural design?

            The architectural design defines the relationship between major structural elements of the software, the “design patterns” that can be used to achieve the requirements that have been defined for the system.

7. What is data design?

            The data design transforms the information domain model created during analysis into the data structures that will be required to implement the software.

UNIT – IV TESTING

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1. Define software testing?

            Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the ultimate review of specification, design, and coding.

2. What are the objectives of testing?

i. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intend of finding an error.

ii. A good test case is one that has high probability of finding an undiscovered error.

iii. A successful test is one that uncovers as an-yet undiscovered error.

3. What are the testing principles the software engineer must apply while performing the software testing?

i. All tests should be traceable to customer requirements.

ii. Tests should be planned long before testing begins.

iii. The pareto principle can be applied to software testing-80% of all errors uncovered during testing will likely be traceable to 20% of all program modules.

iv. Testing should begin “in the small” and progress toward testing “in the large”. v. Exhaustive testing is not possible.

vi. To be most effective, an independent third party should conduct testing.

4. What are the two levels of testing?