ANIMATIONS & REALISM

1.What is animation? (AU NOV/DEC 2011)

Computer animation generally refers to any time sequence of visual changes in a scene. In addition to changing object positions with translations or rotations, a computer generated animation could display time variations in object size, color, transparency or surface texture. Animations often transition from one object shape to another.

2.Mention the steps in animation sequence.

Storyboard layout, Object definitions, Key-frame specifications, Generation of in-between frame.

3. Explain about frame-by-frame animation.

Frame-by-frame animation, each frame of the scene is separately generated and stored. Later the frame scan be recorded on film or they can be consecutively displayed in “real time playback” mode.

4.Define key frames. (AU NOV/DEC 2011)

A key frame is a detailed drawing of the scene at a certain time in the animation sequence. Within each key frame, each object is positioned according to the time for that frame. Some key frames are chosen at extreme positions in action; others are spaced so that the time interval between key frames is not too great. More key frames are specified for intricate motions than for simple, slowly varying motions.

5.What are in between frames?

In-betweens are the intermediate frames between the key frames. The number of in-betweens needed is determined by the media to be used to display the animation. Film requires 24 frames per second and graphics terminals are refreshed at the rate of 30 to 60 frames per second.

6.Mention the different types of animation. (AU MAY/JUNE 2012 IT)

The different types of animation are:

Ø    Raster animation

·         Raster operations: generate real-time animation in limited applications using raster operations.

·         Color-table transformations: animate objects along 2D motion paths

Ø    Key-frame system: specialized animation languages designed to generate the in-between frames

from user specified key frames.

Ø  Parameterized systems: allow object motion characteristics to be specified as part of the object definitions. The adjustable parameter control such as object characteristics as degrees of freedom, motion limitations and allowable shape changes.

Ø   Scripting systems: allow object specifications and animation sequences to be defined with a user input script.

7.What are key frame systems? (AU NOV/DEC 2012)

Key-frame systems are specialized animation languages designed to generate the in-between frames from user specified key frames. Each object in the scene is defined as a set of rigid bodies connected at the joints and with a limited number of degrees of freedom. In-between frames are generated from the specification of two or more fey frames. Motion paths can be given by kinematic description as a set of spline curves or physically based by specifying the forces acting on the objects to be animated.

8.What is Morphing?

Transformation of object shape from one form to another is called morphing.

9.What are fractals? (AU NOV/DEC 2011, MAY/JUNE 2012 IT & MAY/JUNE 2012)

Fractals are those which have the property of a shape that has the same degree of roughness no matter how much it is magnified. A fractal appears “the same” at every scale. No matter how much one enlarges a picture of the curve, it has the same level of detail.

10.Define self-similar. Mention the types of self-similar.

Most of the curves and pictures have a particularly important property: they are self-similar. This means that they appear “the same” at every scale. No matter how much one enlarges a picture of the curve, it has the same level of detail. The types are: exactly self-similar and statistically self-similar.