Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)

Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)

ü  Adopted by US as Federal Information Processing Standard(FIPS)

ü  SDTS: self-contained standard intended for transfer of spatial data

ü  ESRI(ArcINFO),LEICA(ErdasIMAGINE), Intergraph and MapInfo

GIS application and software

ü  Military Government

ü  Real Estate in past decade and today

ü  Decision making applications for large and small companies

ü  Environment science

ü  City planning, navigation, transportation, emergency services, law enforcement, census tracking

Variety of products interact with GIS

ü  ArcInfo of ESRI – editing of data and advanced analysis tools

ü  ArcGis by ESRI – simple map making, report and analysis

ü  ArcPad from ESRI - Provides  mapping and data collections

Mobile is integrated with GIS and GPS

Example of GIS Software

ü  ArcInfo – designed for mini computers

ü  GeoDatabase These software are the products of ESRI(Environmental Systems Research Institute)

ArcInfo

ü  Data in ArcInfo is stored in workspace

ü  Workspace consist of several related coverages, data, and an INFO directory

ü  INFO directory is fully robust RDBMS used in GIS

ü  AML(Arc Macro Language) module allows user to write scripts in ArcINFO modules

ü  ArcEdit – allows designing and editing of data

ü  GRID module is used for Raster analysis

ü  Network module used for routing, geocoding, allocation and image integration module

Future Work in GIS

ü  Data sources – new methods for collecting data (LIDAR satellite with merging new technologies)

ü  Data models – merging vector and raster (Today GIS supports only one)

ü  Standards – needs to enforce global or at least national standards

ü  New Architectures – needs a new client/server architecture benefit from existing RDBMS,OODBMS

ü  Versioning and object life cycle approach -

ü  Mobile GIS – carrying mobile devices, receiving online updates and querying a database in roads

ü  Temporal GIS – recording the man made changes

ü  Modeling multiple aspects of GIS – covering a wide range of functions from market analysis from car navigation

ü  Common Notation – proposed tools and system in GIS should  be intuitive and easy-to-use notation

ü  Generalization – store data in different levels of scale and accuracy

ü  Specialized DBMS for GIS – complex query processing and optimization, security, bark up, recovery.