1. What is scaling?
A 2-D rotation is done by repositioning the coordinates along a circular path, in the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given by:
X’ = r cos (q + f) and Y|’= r sin (q + f).
2. What is shearing?
The shearing transformation actually slants the object along the X direction or the Y direction as required. ie; this transformation slants the shape of an object along a required plane.
3. What is reflection?
The reflection is actually the transformation that produces a mirror image of an object. For this use some angles and lines of reflection.
4. Distinguish between window port & view port?
A portion of a picture that is to be displayed by a window is known as window port. The display area of the part selected or the form in which the selected part is viewed is known as view port.
5. Define clipping?
Clipping is the method of cutting a graphics display to neatly fit a predefined graphics region or the view port
6. What is the need of homogeneous coordinates?
To perform more than one transformation at a time, use homogeneous coordinates or matrixes. They reduce unwanted calculations intermediate steps saves time and memory and produce a sequence of transformations.
7. Distinguish between uniform scaling and differential scaling?
When the scaling factors sx and sy are assigned to the same value, a uniform scaling is produced that maintains relative object proportions. Unequal values for sx and sy result in a differential scaling that is often used in design application
8. What is fixed point scaling?
The location of a scaled object can be controlled by a position called the fixed point that is to remain unchanged after the scaling transformation.
9. What is Zooming?
Zooming means enlarging a digital image to see it more clearly or make it easier to alter. It allows the user to see more detail for a specific area of the image.
10. What is Rubber Banding?
Rubber Banding is another form of zooming. The user can use a mouse to define two corners of a rectangle. The selected area can be copied to a clipboard, cut, moved or zoomed.
11. What is an output primitive?
Graphics programming packages provide function to describe a scene in terms of these basic geometric structures, referred to as output primitives.
12. List out the graphics applications
paint programs : Allow you to create rough freehand drawings. The images are stored as bit maps and can easily be edited. illustration/design programs: Supports more advanced features than paint programs, particularly for drawing curved lines. The images are usually stored in vector-based formats. Illustration/design programs are often called draw programs.
presentation graphics software : Lets you create bar charts, pie charts, graphics, and other types of images for slide shows and reports. The charts can be based on data imported from spreadsheet applications. animation software: Enables you to chain and sequence a series of images to simulate movement. Each image is like a frame in a movie. CAD software: Enables architects and engineers to draft designs.
desktop publishing : Provides a full set of word-processing features as well as fine control over placement of text and graphics, so that you can create newsletters, advertisements, books, and other types of documents.
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