2 MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CS1401 - Internet Programming

1. What is the difference between node and host?

A node is any addressable device connected to a network whereas the host is a more

specific descriptor that refers to a networked general-purpose computer rather than a single

purpose device (such as a printer).

2. What is the purpose of routers?

Router operates like electronic postal workers that evaluate and forward packets between

networks.

3. Define protocol.

A protocol is a formal set of rules that must be followed in order to communicate.

4. Why are the protocols layered?

Layering protocols simplifies the task of communicating over the network and it allows for

reuse of layers that are not specific to a particular application.

5. Define encapsulation.

Placing the data inside a package of headers is known as encapsulation.

6. Define port.

A port is a logical channel to an application running on a host. ie., The applications

running on the host machines are uniquely identified by port numbers.

7. What do you mean by well-known ports?

Port numbers can range from 1 to 65535, however ports 1 to 1023 are reserved. These

reserved ports are referred to as we1l-known ports because the Internet Assigned Numbers

Authority publicly documents the applications that use them.

8. What is meant by Name Resolution?

Name Resolution is the process of mapping a hostname to its corresponding IP Address.

One way to translate a hostname to an IP address is to look it up in a simple text file. The

second way is the domain name service, which is a distributed database containing all

registered hostnames on the Internet and their IP addresses.

9. Define protocol tunneling.

Protocol tunneling is the process of encapsulating one protocol within another protocol that

operates on the same layer.

10. Define URI, URL, URN.

1. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier): It identifies an object on the Internet.

2. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): It is a specification for identifying an object such as

a file, newsgroup, CGI program or e-mail address by indicating the exact location on

the internet.

3. URN (Uniform Resource Name): It is a method for referencing an object without

declaring the full path to the object.

11. What are the components of HTTP URL?

The components are host, an optional port, path, filename, section and query string.

12. Define URL encoding.

URL encoding involves replacing all unsafe and nonprintable characters with a percent

sign (%) followed by two hexadecimal digits corresponding to the character's ASCII value.

13. What are the issues of next generation IP?

The issues to be considered in IP next generation are

1. Addresses Space Growth

2. Support large Global networks

3. A clear way of transition from the existing IP to new IP next generation

14. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

TCP:

Connection oriented transport protocol

Sends data as a stream of bytes

Guarantee of delivery

UDP:

Connection less protocol

Datagram service

No guarantee of delivery.

15. What does ICMP provide?

ICMP provides

1. Error messaging

2. Demand reply functions